Substance use is a significant issue among youth.

It's crucial to recognize signs the young people in your life may be using substances and understand the consequences of substance use. Knowing and communicating the impacts substances have on a young person’s body, mind, social interactions, and academic performance can help prevent youth from using substances.

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Youth substance use: legal ramifications & warning signs

Legal consequences of underage substance use

Many teens don’t realize that experimenting with substances can come with serious legal consequences, in addition to increasing the risk that they can become addicted. In most states, underage possession or consumption of alcohol, marijuana, or other substances can lead to fines, community service, or even suspension of a driver’s license. This is in addition to consequences at school as well, including suspension from school, sport, and other extracurriculars.  Additionally, supplying substances to minors—even unknowingly—can result in criminal charges.

For more severe cases, certain offenses (such as DUIs or drug-related incidents) can have lasting legal records that impact future job opportunities, college admissions, and financial aid eligibility. Parents and caregivers can help teens understand that their choices now can affect their future freedom, education, and career paths.

Signs a teen may be using substances

Recognizing early signs of substance use can help prevent long-term issues. While changes in behavior are common during adolescence, persistent or drastic shifts may indicate a deeper concern. Here are some warning signs to watch for:

  • Changes in mood or behavior: increased secrecy, defensiveness, or sudden mood swings.
  • Declining academic performance: drop in grades, skipping school, or loss of interest in school activities.
  • Physical signs: bloodshot eyes, frequent nosebleeds, unusual smells on clothing or breath, or changes in energy levels.
  • Social shifts: new friend groups, avoiding family time, or sudden isolation.
  • Missing money or items: unexplained loss of money, valuables, or prescription medications.
  • Risky or reckless behavior: more frequent rule-breaking, legal trouble, or engaging in unsafe activities.

If you’re concerned, start an open and non-judgmental conversation with your teen. Express your observations, offer support, and seek professional guidance if needed. Early intervention can make a huge difference in preventing long-term substance use issues.